KEYNOTE⁃799:帕博利珠单抗联合同步放化疗治疗Ⅲ期不可切除NSCLC的Ⅱ期临床研究

1文献来源Jabbour SK,Lee KH,Frost N,et al.Pembrolizumab plus concurrent chemoradiation therapy in patients with unresectable,locally advanced,stageⅢnon?small cell lung cancer.The phase 2 KEYNOTE?799 nonrandomized trial[J].JAMA Oncol,2021,7(9):1-9.     

近端胃切除人工三角瓣成形抗反流术的力学机理仿真分析

目的:对食管胃结合部腺癌近端胃切除术（PG）人工三角瓣成形后残胃食糜进行流体动力学数值模拟，并计算不同性质胃内食糜的流动特征。方法:构建常规PG和人工三角瓣成形术术后胃仿真模型，运用Fluent软件对不同粘度胃内食糜反流问题进行数值模拟。结果:站立位姿态时，相对常规PG方案，人工三角瓣成形手术方案表现出较好的抗反流作用；卧位姿态时，当胃内食糜粘度大于0.145 2 Pa[?s，且胃内食糜不超过人工三角瓣情况下，人工三角瓣成形抗反流手术表现出较好的抗反流效果；人工三角瓣抗反流成形手术方案数值模拟结果与临床上患者表现一致。结论:本研究仿真分析为人工三角瓣成形抗反流手术方案的有效性机理分析、临床患者术后饮食及手术方案的进一步改进提供理论及数值依据。 【关键词】食管胃结合部腺癌；抗反流；人工三角瓣；计算流体力学     

单孔胸腔镜下肺癌术后胸腔引流时间的影响因素分析北大核心

目的:探讨单孔胸腔镜下肺癌手术术后胸腔引流时间的影响因素。方法:本研究采用回顾性分析方法,回顾我院2018年01月至2019年12月原发性肺癌患者经单孔胸腔镜手术治疗的病例199例。按照术后胸腔引流时间分为两组,Ⅰ组(术后胸腔引流时间<5天)和Ⅱ组(术后胸腔引流时间≥5天)。对于影响术后胸腔引流时间的可能因素在两组间先采用单因素分析的方法筛选,再将筛选出来的对术后胸腔引流时间可能有意义的影响因素进行二项Logistic多因素回归分析。结果:经单因素分析及二项Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示:年龄≥60岁、手术部位、肺段切除术、胸膜粘连、手术时间≥180 min、术后早期下床活动是术后胸腔引流时间的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:对于具有多个延长术后胸腔引流时间的独立影响因素的患者,应制定个体化管理方案,尽可能减少术后胸腔引流时间,减少住院天数,加快患者康复。     

Exploring the potential of exosomes in diagnosis and drug delivery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a cancer of the digestive system, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for approximately 90% of all PC cases. Exosomes derived from PDAC (PDAC-exosomes) promote PDAC development and metastasis. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by most cells, which can carry biologically active molecules and mediate communication and cargo transportation among cells. Recent studies have focused on transforming exosomes into good drug delivery systems (DDSs) to improve the clinical treatment of PDAC. This review considers PDAC as the main research object to introduce the role of PDAC-exosomes in PDAC development and metastasis. This review focuses on the following two themes: (a) the great potential of PDAC-exosomes as new diagnostic markers for PDAC, and (b) the transformation of exosomes into potential DDSs.     

What is the impact of zinc deficiency for pancreatectomies in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma?

Backgroundand purpose: Zinc is an essential element for human health and plays an important role in metabolic, immunological and other biological processes. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between zinc deficiency (ZD) and the perioperative clinical course in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).MethodsOf 216 patients with PDAC who underwent elective pancreatectomy between 2013 and 2017 at our institution, 206 patients with sufficient clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. The perioperative variables were compared and the risk factors associated with infectious complications were identified.ResultsZD was preoperatively present in 36 (17.5%) of 206 patients with PDAC. In the patients of the ZD group, a higher proportion of males, higher preoperative modified Glasgow prognostic scores, a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and a higher occurrence of postoperative infectious complications after pancreatectomy were observed, compared to the non-ZD group. By a univariate analysis, three risk factors were significantly associated with infectious complications after pancreatectomy: ZD (vs non-ZD: p = 0.002), serum albumin <3.5 g/dl (vs ≥ 3.5 g/dl: p = 0.005), and the procedure of pancreaticoduodenectomy (vs others: p = 0.013). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the occurrence of infectious complications was significantly associated with ZD (OR 3.430, 95%CI 1.570 to 7.490, p = 0.002) and the procedure of pancreaticoduodenectomy (OR 2.030, 95%CI 1.090 to 3.770, p = 0.025).ConclusionsThe current study newly demonstrated that ZD could serve as a preoperative predictor of infectious complications after pancreatectomies in the patients with PDAC.     

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to transplant in neonates with fatal pulmonary conditions: A review

Neonates with progressive respiratory failure should be referred early for subspecialty evaluation and lung transplantation consideration. ECMO should be considered for patients with severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction and a high likelihood of death while on maximal medical therapy, either in the setting of reversible medical conditions or while awaiting lung transplantation. While ECMO offers hope to neonates that experience clinical deterioration while awaiting transplant, the risks and benefits of this intervention should be considered on an individual basis. Owing to the small number of infant lung transplants performed yearly, large studies examining the outcomes of various bridging techniques in this age group do not exist. Multiple single-centre experiences of transplanted neonates have been described and currently serve as guidance for transplant teams. Future investigation of outcomes specific to neonatal transplant recipients bridged with advanced devices is needed.     

Effects of the Clearing the Lung and Dissipating Phlegm Method in the Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm method in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and to provide evidence for the treatment of the disease. Materials and Methods: Literature was searched from the United States National Library of Medicine(PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database(Wanfang), and the Full?Text Database of Chinese Scientific and Technical Periodicals(VIP).A comprehensive collection was made of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) before June 2018, in which the treatment groups used either the clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm formulas only or combined it with routine Western medicine therapy, and the control group adopted routine Western medicine therapy only for the acute exacerbation of COPD. The Cochrane risk of bias method was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. The data were analyzed and retrieved independently by two reviewers before meta?analysis was carried out with RevMan 5.3 software to evaluate the primary outcome measures, including the total clinical effective rate, and the secondary outcome measures such as the pulmonary function(forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in the 1 s [FEV1], percentage of FEV1 [FEV1%], and FEV1/FVC)and blood gases(PaO_2 and PaCo_2). Results: A total of 13 RCTs involving 990 patients(496 in the treatment group and 494 in the control group)were included in this study. Meta?analysis revealed significant difference in the efficacy of the group that adopted solely the routine Western medicine method and the group that combined the Western medicine with the clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm method. Outcome measures including the pulmonary function(FVC, FEV1, FEV1%, and FEV1/FVC) and the blood gases(PaO_2 and PaCo_2) were significantly improved as compared to the control group(P 0.00001). However, adverse effects in the treatment group using combined traditional Chinese medicine were not reported due to the short observation time of the study. Conclusion: The clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm method can improve the efficacy in the treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD, the outcome measures of the pulmonary function and the blood gases,as well as the life quality of the patients. However, due to the fact that the existing studies are generally of poor quality in which randomization and its implementation were not properly carried out, more high?quality RCTs are necessary to confirm the findings of this study.     

从新型冠状病毒肺炎的寒疫病机探析清肺排毒汤的组方机制

在《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第六版)》中推荐的清肺排毒汤,临床观察疗效显著。笔者拟探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的寒疫病机以及清肺排毒汤的方药组成机制,认为该方能疏解表里、通调三焦,具有宣肺行气、透邪解毒、润燥化湿、逐水泻热的功效,切合COVID-19寒、燥、湿的病机特点,且能有效的针对症状进行治疗,应推广全国各地广泛使用以遏制疫情蔓延。     

甲状腺未分化癌发生肺转移的危险因素分析

目的:探讨甲状腺未分化癌(anaplastic thyroid carcinoma,ATC)发生肺转移的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2010年至2015年SEER数据库中被确诊为ATC的405例患者临床病理资料。通过对年龄、种族、性别、原发灶最大径、原发灶数量、甲状腺外组织侵犯、食管侵犯、气管侵犯、中央区淋巴结转移、颈侧区淋巴结转移10个因素进行单因素分析,进而对单因素分析中有统计学差异的指标行多因素Logistic回归分析,寻找ATC患者发生肺转移的危险因素。结果:405例ATC患者中,发生肺转移107例,未发生肺转移298例。单因素分析显示:原发灶最大径>4 cm、甲状腺外组织侵犯、颈侧区淋巴结转移是预测发生肺转移的显著性因素(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:原发灶最大径>4 cm及颈侧区淋巴结转移是ATC患者发生肺转移的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论:原发灶最大径>4 cm、颈侧区淋巴结转移的ATC患者极易发生肺转移,因此,一定要认真参考病理结果,若发现存在以上肺转移危险因素,则积极采取多模式治疗方案,并缩短随访时间,行相关检查(如胸部CT扫描、PET-CT等)。